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• Posted February 19, 2024

Parenting Style Could Influence ADHD Severity in Kids

A shift in parenting early in a child's development might help curb the symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), new research suggests.

When a preschooler exhibits an "excitable or exuberant" temperament, dialing down a "controlling" style of parenting in favor of what's known as "directive" parenting could mean milder ADHD symptoms as a child ages, Canadian researchers report.

"More directive parenting, which is not controlling but guides the child with verbal and physical cues, can help develop the child's self-regulatory skills and prevent their ADHD symptoms from increasing," explained study co-author Dr. Heather Henderson, a professor of developmental psychology at the University of Waterloo, in Ontario.

Psychologists have long understood that the interplay of a child's temperament with their mom and dad's parenting style can play a role in how ADHD unfolds. Both factors influence the executive function of the child's brain, the researchers explained.

One type of temperament -- exuberant -- has been tied to the onset of ADHD, the team added.

Exuberance involves "high excitement, curiosity and positive responses to unfamiliar people and contexts," Henderson explained in a university news release.

While exuberance has some positive aspects, it is also linked to troubles with self-regulation of behaviors, as well as issues around working memory and flexible thinking.

Combined with family factors, an exuberant temperament "might predispose some kids to develop ADHD symptoms," Henderson said.

In the study, her team tracked outcomes for 291 kids ages 4 months to 15 years. They observed child temperament and parent-child interactions at age 3, tested the child's memory/thinking at age 4 and tracked ADHD symptoms in kids (as reported by parents) up to age 15.

The main finding: ADHD symptoms focused on memory and thinking may hinge on a combination of a child's temperament and their mom and/or dad's parenting styles.

Kids with less "directive" style parents tended to display increased ADHD symptoms throughout childhood, the researchers reported recently in the journal Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology.

"Symptoms of ADHD typically stabilize from ages 5 to 9 and decrease from ages 9 to 15. But for predictable cases of very young children with exuberant temperament and less directive parenting, that stabilization may not occur,"Henderson explained. 

More information

Find out more about ADHD at CHADD.

SOURCE: University of Waterloo, news release, Feb. 15, 2024